Denis Diderot

Philosophes: These were public intellectuals during the Enlightenment who applied reason to study many areas of learning including philosophy, history, science, politics, economics and social issues.

Enlightenment: This was an intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated Europe during the 18th century. It emphasized reason over tradition and individualism over collectivism.

Secularism: This is the principle of separation between government institutions and religious institutions. During Enlightenment era it gained importance due to emphasis on logic & reasoning over religious beliefs.