The subdominant chord is a major or minor triad built on the fourth scale degree of a key. It adds harmonic richness and acts as a transition between the tonic and dominant chords.
Tonic: The tonic chord is the first scale degree or "home" chord in a key. It provides stability and serves as a reference point for other chords.
Dominant: The dominant chord is built on the fifth scale degree. It creates tension and leads back to the tonic, providing resolution.
Supertonic: The supertonic chord is built on the second scale degree. It adds some tension but still maintains connection with the tonic.
AP Music Theory - Unit 5 Overview: Harmony and Voice Leading II (Chord Progressions and Predominant Function)
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