Tonality

Key Signature: A key signature is a set of sharps or flats placed at the beginning of a musical staff to indicate which notes should be raised or lowered throughout the piece.

Modulation: Modulation occurs when there is a change in tonal center within a piece of music. It's like moving from one neighborhood to another, with a new tonic as your new home address.

Dominant: The dominant is the fifth scale degree in any given key. It has an important role in tonal music because it creates tension that resolves back to the tonic, similar to how certain neighbors might create excitement or anticipation before returning home.